Consultative Leadership Operations Present Value 
Harvard Business Review
NOVEMBER 19, 2015
This can be quantified by analyzing the extent to which the share prices of S&P 500 firms are driven by a firm’s present value of future growth options (PVGO) rather than cash flow from current operations. Our research shows that U.S. Some firms manage to maintain this dual discipline as they grow.
Strategy Driven
SEPTEMBER 9, 2011
Many conventional metrics we use to estimate value are based on faulty assumptions. Net present value [NPV] is a case in point. Companies that will eventually be wrecked by others’ innovations are operating on autopilot. This is a perspective taken by my colleagues at consultancy Innosight. Take a doctor’s office.
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