Discounted Cash Flow Marketing Operations 
Harvard Business Review
JUNE 18, 2015
We also know that private equity funds have outperformed public equity markets over the last three decades , even after the fees they charge are accounted for. ” PE firms typically take three types of value increasing actions — financial engineering, governance engineering, and operational engineering.
Harvard Business Review
JUNE 8, 2018
The market caps of just four companies, Apple, Alphabet, Amazon, and Microsoft, now exceed $3 trillion. Their combined assets of $944 billion are an order of magnitude lower than the combined assets of $7,700 billion of the largest 3,177 companies in 1986, when the aggregate market capitalization reached $3 trillion for the first time.
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